Note : - Dried, plant samples (~10 g) were extracted in 100 mL of 100% methanol (MeOH) evernight.
- Plant extracts were screened for the ability to induce CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. 1A2DRE (human XRECYP1A2-luciferase promoter) and DPX2 (human PXRCYP3A4-luciferase promoter) in hepatoma cell lines. Criteria for "positive" plant samples was set at ~40% of the response seen for the prototype inducers, i.e., > 40-fold in luciferase activity for CYP1A2 and > 3.5-fold increase for CYP3A4.
- Plant extracts were screened for inhibitiory activity towards CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6 using enzyme-selective model substrates in human liver microsomes. Methoxyresorufin (MR) was used to assess CYP1A2 activity, 7-benzyloxyquinoline (7-BQ) was used to assess CYP3A4 activity and 7-methoxy-4-(aminomethyl)-coumarin (MAMC) was used to assess CYP2D6 activity. Extracts showing >50% inhibition at half-saturating and/or saturating substrate concentrations were deemed inhibitory.